The risk of intraoperative venous air embolism from neurosurgical procedures performed in the lounging position

J Neurosurg 142:797–807, 2025

The study investigated the risk of venous air embolism (VAE) during neurosurgery in the lounging position, finding no permanent sequelae or fatal events. Despite a 51.4% VAE detection rate, no hemodynamic instability occurred, suggesting experienced teams can safely use this position.

Study Overview

Objective: Assess venous air embolism (VAE) risk and outcomes in lounging position neurosurgery.

Study Design: Retrospective analysis of 1000 patients from 2010 to 2020.

Primary Focus: VAE incidence, severity, and associated complications.

Key Findings

VAE Detection: 51.4% of patients experienced VAE, with no grade 5 events.

Complications: 0.3% developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) linked to VAE grade.

No Permanent Sequelae: No patients suffered permanent neurological deficits from VAE.

Patient Demographics

Mean Age: 47.7 years; 56.5% female.

Common Pathologies: 94.9% had posterior fossa tumors, mainly vestibular schwannomas.

Surgical Approach and Positioning

Lounging Position: Feet elevated above head to improve venous return.

Surgical Benefits: Reduced intracranial pressure and improved surgical field visibility.

Risk Factors and Outcomes

High-Grade VAE: Associated with older age and lower BMI.

No PFO Contraindication: PFO is not linked to paradoxical embolism in this cohort.

Outcome Predictors: Preoperative KPS score is most relevant for clinical outcomes.