Operative Neurosurgery 29:740–745, 2025
This technical report details the far‑lateral craniotomy and its variants for accessing ventral and ventrolateral craniovertebral pathologies, emphasizing indications, anatomical considerations, and operative steps. It outlines positioning, incision choices, bone work including condylar modifications, dural handling, and strategies to protect the vertebral artery and lower cranial nerves.
The article highlights advantages, limitations, and common pitfalls—such as occipitocervical instability with extensive condylectomy, hypoglossal canal risk, and CSF leak prevention—and supplements the text with high‑quality dissections and a 4K instructional video aimed at trainees and early‑career neurosurgeons.

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