J Neurosurg 142:829–838, 2025
• Study Focus: The study explores wartime penetrating traumatic brain injuries (pTBIs) involving the anterior skull base and paranasal sinuses during the first year of the Russian-Ukrainian war.
• Objective: To identify factors associated with favorable short-term outcomes and survival in patients with pTBIs.
• Methodology: A single-center retrospective review was conducted on patients treated at Mechnikov Dnipropetrovsk Regional Clinical Hospital in Ukraine.
• Key Findings: High Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores, favorable injury lateralization, and low Injury Severity Scores (ISS) were linked to better short-term outcomes.
• Treatment Protocol: The study implemented early primary neurosurgical treatment, including debridement and skull base reconstruction, which showed promising early results.
• Patient Outcomes: 84% of patients achieved a favorable outcome, with low rates of postoperative complications like CSF leaks and infections.
• Comparison with Other Conflicts: The study highlights differences in management strategies compared to US military experiences in Iraq and Afghanistan.
• Limitations: The study lacks a direct comparison group and long-term outcomes are not available due to follow-up challenges.
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